三江平原毛果苔草湿地光辐射能的利用与分配

注意：本论文已在《水生生物学报》2003，27（5）：502-506上发表
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何池全 李 蕾 顾 超 陆晓怡
（上海大学环境科学与工程系, 上海, 200072）

摘要：毛果苔草湿地的物理过程观测设在中国科学院三江平原沼泽湿地生态实验站内，用美国CID公司出品的光合仪对典型湿地中几种优势植物的光合能力进行测定；在80。C干燥的植物样品（含各种不同的构件），粉碎后，分别称量约1g左右，用美国公司Parr型氧弹式热量计测定；研究发现毛果苔草湿地建群种中毛果苔草的净光合速率最大, 为47.41μmol·m-2·s-1。以太阳总辐射能和生长季内光合有效辐射为基础计算出各器官的能量利用效率计, 极大值是细根, 分别为1.3945%和3.1879%, 极小值是穗, 分别为0.0020%和0.0046%，毛果苔草种群的能量利用率为2.54%。湿地不同植物群落地下部分的能量含量分布中毛果苔草群落的地下部分能量含量的平均值最大。这说明毛果苔草种群具有较高的能量转化效率，并将大部分能量储存在地下部分。在不同层次的能量含量分配中，随着土壤深度的增加，地下部分的能量含量是趋于递减趋势的。
关键词：毛果苔草；湿地生态系统；光合作用；初级生产效率；地下器官能量含量

The utilization and distribution of the sunshine radiant energy of Carex lasiocarpa wetland in Sanjiang Plain

He Chiquan Li Lei Gu Chao Lu Xiaoyi
(Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai  University;Shanghai,200072)

Abstract: Carex lasiocarpa is a rhizomatous clonal species of mire wetlands in Northeastern of China. The fieldwork about physical process of Carex lasiocarpa wetlands was carried out in the Shangjiang Plain Mire Wetlands Ecological Experiment Station in Chinese Academy of Science in Northeastern of China (47。31`N, 133。31`E). The field work was carried out in a typical Carex lasiocarpa wetlands, which areas is 200×450m2 and it can divided into three areola, namely the determined areola of biomass; the determined areola of wither biomass and its decompose areola, and then it was setup each other which was used to sampling and observation from May to October in 1998-1999，the frequency was about 30d, the sampling area was 1×1 m2 with 2~3 times. The plants were divided into different compartments, in which is leaf, sheath, rhizome, inflorescence, spike, radicula and dead standing sampling, and dried to constand weight at 80。C, after which they were ground and samples were taken for analysis. The plant caloric value is determined by Parr type Oxygen bomb heat meter which is made in America. The photosynthesis is determined by photosynthesis meter, which is made in CID company in America; is analys Plant photosynthesis is the original force to impel and to support the whole ecosystem, we found that the net photosynthesis rate of Carex lasiocarpa is biggest than others in Carex lasiocarpa wetland, which is 47.41μmol·m-2·s-1. In the basis of the overall sunshine radiation and the photosynthesis availability radiation to count the energy utilization rate of each organs/component, the maximum is radicula, which are 1.3945% and 3.1879%, the minimal value is spike, which are 0.0020% and 0.0046%，the energy utilization efficiency of Carex lasiocarpa population is 2.54%. The average value of underground organs/components energy content of Carex lasiocarpa community is biggest than its in others community, which showed that C. lasiocarpa had higher energy productive efficiency and most energy was stored in their under-ground part, the reason for these were also discussed. In the allocation of energy content in different underground layer, with the increase of soil depth, energy content in different underground layer is decrease by degrees.
Keywords: Carex lasiocarpa, wetland ecosystem, photosynthesis, primary production efficiency, energy content

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