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Holo-extraction
of information from paper drawings for 3D reconstruction
Computer-Aided
Design Volume 34,
Issue 9, August 2002, Pages 665-677
注意：本论文已经在英文CAD杂志发表，使用者请注明论文出处！ (SCI已经收录本文)
Ke-Zhang Chen,(a), Xi-Wen Zhang(b),
Zong-Ying Ou(c) and Xin-An Feng(c)
a Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam
Road, Hong Kong
b State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University,
Nanjing, 210093, China
c Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology,
Dalian, 116024, China
Abstract
The research on the conversion from 2D paper drawings to 3D computer feature
models has been stuck in low-level coding. One of the reasons for it is
that the three phases of understanding process has been isolated and people
have been doing their research on only one of the phases since the whole
conversion is very complicated and more difficult. For instance, the vectorization
methods for the first phase were developed only for getting straight lines,
arcs, circles, etc. so that much information contained in the drawing
has been lost after the vectorization. This paper develops a holo-extraction
method of information from paper drawings, the networks of single closed
regions (SCRs), which can not only provide a unified base for recognizing
both the annotations and the outlines of projections of parts, but also
build the holo-relationships among SCRs so that it is convenient to extract
lexical, syntactic and semantic information in the subsequent phases for
3D reconstruction.
Keywords: Engineering drawing understanding; 3D reconstruction;
Vectorization; Networks of single closed regions
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Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Review of current vectorization methods
2.1. Hough Transform based method [2]
2.2. Thinning based method [4, 5, 6 and 7]
2.3. Contour based method [8, 9 and 10]
2.4. Sparse pixel based method [11]
2.5. Mesh pattern based methods [12]
2.6. Black pixel region based method [13, 14 and 15]
3. Construction of the networks of SCRs
3.1. Generating adjacency graphs of runs
3.2. Constructing single closed regions (SCRs)
3.3. Building adjacency graphs of SCRs
3.4. Constructing the networks of SCRs
4. A bridge from raster image to understanding and 3D reconstruction
4.1. Separation between the annotations and the outlines of projections
of parts
4.2. Vectorization
4.2.1. Recognition of horizontal thick lines and arrowheads
4.2.2. Recognition of complete arcs and circles
4.2.3. Recognition of complete straight lines
4.2.4. Software prototype
4.3. 3D reconstruction
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Vitae
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Ke-Zhang Chen received his PhD degree from the University of Manchester
(UMIST), UK in 1984. After he had worked at the University of Manchester
(UMIST) (UK), East China University (China), MIT (USA), and the University
of California at Davis (USA), he joined the Department of Mechanical Engineering
in the University of Hong Kong in 1996. His current research interests
include design theory and methodology, concurrent engineering, intelligent
CAD, and design for heterogeneous components.
Zhang:
Xi-Wen Zhang received his BS degree from the Department of Chemical Engineering,
Fushun Institute of Petrol, China, in 1995, and PhD degree from the Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, China, in
2000. He is now a Postdoctor at State Key Laboratory of Novel Software
Technology, the Department of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing
University, China. His research interests include computer vision, artificial
intelligence, and understanding of scanned engineering drawings.
Ou:
Zong-ying Ou received his BS degree from the Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, China, in 1956. He has then
been working in the university, and is now a Professor, Head of Mechanical
Design Division and Director of CAD/CG lab in the Faculty. From 1981 to
1983, he worked as a visiting scholar in University of Wisconsin-Madison,
USA. His research interests include intelligent CAD/CAM, solid modeling,
geometric reasoning, image processing and understanding, computer vision
and 3D reconstruction.
Feng:
Xin-An Feng received his BS degree from the Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Dalian University of Technology, China, in 1956. He has then been working
in the university, and is now a Professor, Deputy director of CIMS research
center, standing council member of China Association for Mechatronics
Technology and Applications, and council member of China Institution for
Production Engineering. From 1980 to 1982, he worked as a visiting scholar
in the University of Manchester (UMIST), UK. His current research interests
include CAD/CAM, intelligent CAD, concurrent engineering, and CIMS.
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